h is silent.

l is as in English, but sharper and more forward in the mouth.

p is as in English, but without the aspiration that sometimes accompanies this sound in English.

qu is always pronounced like the English qu in quest.

r is different from the English r; it is pronounced with one flip of the tongue against the gums of the upper teeth. This is the trilled r.

s is sometimes like the English s in house.

s is sometimes (but always before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, and v) like the English s in rose.

sc before a, o, or u is like sk in ask.

sc before e or i is like the English sound sh in fish.

sch occurs only before e or i, and is pronounced like the English sk.

t is approximately the same as in English, but no escaping of breath accompanies it in Italian.