2019公共英语三级听力理解常见考点讲解及应对技巧：短对话
一.短对话
1. 观点态度题型
对话中对话者对他们谈论的人或事持什么观点或态度往往含而不露，考生只能根据对话内容的关键词、上下文甚至语气、语调的内涵意义并利用逻辑思维能力来进行判断，才能对传递的信息进行比较深层次的理解。具体表达观点、态度时，可能出现的模式有：间接表达式，不明说赞成或反对;反问否定式，常委婉地表示质疑和反对;委婉谢绝式，先表示肯定、赞成、谢意等，随后说出真实看法;看似否定实为肯定式，如 why not, I can’t agree any more 等。
常见的提问方式有：
How does the man/woman feel about...?
What does the man/woman think of...?
What does the man/woman say about...?
What does the man/woman mean?
【真题演练】
1. What does the woman mean?
[A] She knows the guy who will give the lecture.
[B] She thinks the lecture might be informative.
[C] She wants to add something to her lecture.
[D] She’ll finish her report this weekend.
2. What did the man mean?
[A] He never does assignments early.
[B] He has finished it.
[C] He’ll finish it in a few minutes.
[D] He’ll finish it in a few hours.
2.地点方向题型
这种类型的考题主要考查学生对对话地点及人物去向的判断。其中既有直接提问的，也有间接提问的。
常见的提问形式有：
Where does the conversation probably take place?
Where is the woman going?
Where are the two speakers?
在这类考题中，选项大部分是表示地点场所的名词，同时需注意这些名词前的介词，如in a bank, in a dining-room, at the airport, at home, on the desk, on the floor等，这些介词对判断场所非常有帮助。另外，考生应集中注意力去捕捉那些“关键词”，抓住了“关键词”，做题就容易多了。以下是一些常考的地点及相关词，也就是刚才提及的“关键词”，需重点记忆：
学校(school)：required course, elective course, quiz, professor, thesis, make-up, credits, master, dormitory, department, lecture, essay, bookshelf, application form, entrance.
旅馆(hotel)：reception, book, reservation, tip, check in, single room, double room.
饭店(restaurant)、酒吧(bar)：menu, bill, drink, dessert, soup, steak, beer, barbecue, cheese, cream, roast, beer, drink, wine, cafeteria, dining, saloon, snack, bar, recipe.
商店(department store)：supermarket, dress, color, style, fashion, price, bargain, reasonable.
医疗(medical treatment)：doctor, nurse, patient, surgery, operation, medicine, dose, pill, temperature, headache, sore throat, bad cold, fever, cough, stomachache, heart disease, cancer.
火车(railway)、汽车(motor)、飞机(airplane)等交通设施：platform, traffic jam, airport, arrival time, departure, ticket agent, take off, board, land, flight, airlines, freight, passport,
【真题演练】
1. Where are the man and woman?
[A] They are in a temple.
[B] They are in a museum.
[C] They are on a mountain.
[D] They are on a tower.
2. Where is the man when the woman calls him?
[A] He is on his way to where they should meet.
[B] He is at home.
[C] He is in his office.
[D] He is at the main entrance.
3.人物身份题型
在这类对话中，由于说话人之间的关系不同，其用词、造句、语气都有区别。这是听录音时要抓的关键之一，在此基础上再捕捉有关信息，然后判断、推测人物之间的关系及其身份。这类题比较简单，考生只要抓住那些与职业和身份有关的关键词即可回答。
常见的提问形式有：
Who is the man/woman?
What is the man’s/woman’s job/profession/occupation?
What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
Who is the man/woman most probably speaking to?
考题中常涉及的职业或人物身份关系及相关信息词有：
老师和学生(teacher and student)：grade, mark, score, term, course, assignment, pass, fail, scholarship, tuition, campus, dormitory, lab, experiment...
医生和病人(doctor and patient)：fever, cough, cold, headache,injection, prescription, diagnose, temperature, medicine, blood pressure, heart disease, flu, surgery...
侍者和顾客(waiter/waitress and customer)：menu, order, reserve, steak, ham, salad, soup, coffee, juice, hamburger, sandwiches, buffet, bar, brandy, whisky, dessert, tip...
司机和乘客(driver and passenger)：taxi, fare, get off, change, tip, destination...
老板和秘书(boss and secretary)：typing, operating, copy, files, document, report, telephone, appointment, timetable, arrangement...
【真题演练】
1. Who are the two speakers?
[A] Teacher and student.
[B] Husband and wife.
[C] Clerk and customer.
[D] Doctor and patient.
2.What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
[A] Receptionist and customer. [B] Waitress and customer.
[C] Salesperson and customer. [D] Nurse and patient.
4.推断题型
这类对话题出现的频率很高，问题的答案在对话中没有直接提供。要求考生把谈话中提供的细节作为前提，进行一定的逻辑推理才能找到答案，或根据提供的细节进行归纳得出结论。
常见的提问方式有：
What does the man/woman imply?
What can be inferred from the conversation?
What do we learn about the man/woman/conversation?
【真题演练】
1.What will the woman probably do?
[A] Look at something for the man.
[B] Stop talking so much.
[C] Play the music more quietly.
[D] Pay more attention to the music
2.How will the man get to San Francisco?
[A] By plane. [B] By bus. [C] By car. [D] By train.
5. 细节捕捉题
细节题主要是指用Wh-问题的形式对短文中有关人名、地名、时间、原因、数据、目的、年代等提出的问题，有时也包括是非判断题。由于是对细节的考查，这类题也有一定的难度。答题时除了要把握准有关细节信息，还要听清提问的角度和具体要求。这类提问方式不拘一格，依考查的内容而异，主要有以下几种形式：
常见的提问方式有：
When should...?
What is...?
How does the man...?
Which of the following is right/ture?
Why did the speaker...?
学会细节题的寻找,听力考题要求考生听清、听懂事实信息，精确理解具体细节、特殊信息，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、原因、目的、结果等，同时还要对所听到的信息作简单的处理，比如数字的运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系、深层推理等。理解具体信息有助于把握话题内容、领会说话者意图。
【真题演练】
1.How much will the woman pay for the museum?
[A] $6.00. [B] $10.50. [C] $15.00. [D] $9.50.
2. How many guests did they have last night?
[A] 75 guests. [B] 50 guests. [C] 30 guests. [D] 25 guests.
3. When dose the conversation take place?
[A] On Friday. [B] On Thursday. [C] On Tuesday. [D] On Monday.
4.What’s wrong with the man?
[A] He forgot his appointment with his manager.
[B] He lefe his keys at home.
[C] He is locked out of his office.
[D] He lost the manager’s keys.
6.概括主旨大意
顾名思义，主旨大意题要求考生在听懂短文的基础上归纳出短文的主题思想，其中还包括为短文选择最合适的题目和对作者的结论或意图进行判断归纳。这类题目主要着眼于对全篇总体上的理解。
此类题常见的提问方式有：
What is the main idea/topic/subject/chief purpose of this passage?
What is the best title for this passage?
What does the passage tell us essentially?
What is the subject they are talking about?
What did the speaker mainly discuss/talk about?
【真题操练】
What will be the subject of their discussion?
A. We need some exercises
B. we need someone to help us loose weight.
C. We should go on a diet to keep health.
D. How to be healthy.