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2017年9月公共英语考试一级语法知识讲义(5)

分类: 英语  时间: 2019-01-18 09:18:47  作者: 全国等级考试资料网 

语法讲义五

【形容词,副词】

形容词及其用法

形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。

1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的。

2) 叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。

(错) He is an ill man. (对) The man is ill.

(错) She is an afraid girl.  (对) The girl is afraid.

这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice

用形容词表示类别和整体

1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry

The poor are losing hope.

2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。

the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.

The English have wonderful sense of humor.

以-ly结尾的形容词

1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively, ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错) She sang lovely. (错) He spoke to me very friendly.

(对) Her singing was lovely. (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。

daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early

The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily.

多个形容词修饰名词的顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:

限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --出处--材料性质,类别--名词

a small round table a tall gray building

a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school

an expensive Japanese sports car

worth 的用法

worth,worthy,worth-while都为adj. 意为"值得"。

1. worth:be worth + n.  当名词为金钱时,表示"…… 值得……"

be worth doing sth. "……某事值得被做"

The question is not worth discussing again and again.

2. worthy:be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"

be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"

The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again.

3. worth-while:be worth-while to do sth  "值得做某事"

worth while:It is worth while doing sth

It is worth while sb to do sth.

典型例题

It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.

A.worth B.worthy C.worth-while D.worth while

答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worth-while to do sth.。

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