2016公共英语等级考试二级语法辨析：表方位的介词
at, on, in at指一个“点”或“小地方”;
in指一个“地区”或“大地方”空间内;on在某一平面或线上面。 They arrived at the village at ten.
Your pencil is in the desk.
Your pencil is on the desk.
on, above, over
on“与物体接触”反义词为“beneath”;over“在…正上方”反义为“under”;above“在…的上方”反义词为“below”。
There’s a book on the desk and a pen beneath the book.
There’s a lamp over the desk and a bag under the table.
Jack’s bedroom is above mine on the second floor.
over, across, through across“表面跨过”;
through“从中间或从头至尾穿过”;
over“从上空越过”。
He’s swimming across the river.
They walked through the forest.
A plane is flying over the city.
at, beside, by, next to, near
at靠得“最近”;
beside“在并排一条线上”;
by“在并排一条线上”;
next to“在顺序上紧靠旁边”;
near 靠得“最远”，不表明确方向或顺序。
Let’s meet at the school gate.
The building beside the library is the shopping center.
The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai.
Who’s sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve?
about, round, around. about表示周围是随意的，不规则的;round或around(二者无多大差别)的周围则是较完整的一个圈。
Don’t leave the toys about the meeting-room.
They are sitting round/around the table.
to, for, at to “运动的方向，目的地”;
for “动身出发的目的地”;
at “有意攻击的目标”。 Throw it to me.
He’ll leave for Shanghai.
He threw the ball at that boy.
up, down up指“往上，往北，大地方，靠拢”;
down指“向下，往南，向小地方，往开走”但在一市区，去中心区用down,去郊区等用up。
They are going up the hill.
They are going down river.
I’m going down town shopping.
on, in, to in表“在某地区内”;
on表“接壤”;
to表“在某地区以外”。
Shanghai is in the south of China.
Hunan lies on the north of Guangdong.
Xichang lies to the south west of Chengdu.
between,among between指“两者之间”;
among指“在三者以上之间”。
There’s a river between the two villages.
There’s a small house among the trees.
besides
except
except for
except that
but
but for besides“除…之外还有，”实际不排除;
except“除…外”表“排除”，不放在句首;
except for表整体肯定补充细节，表除去整体中的一部分;
except that“除了…外”，后接从句;
but通常与all, no, every, where, who what及有些它们的合成词连用;but for“要不是”，后面句子常用虚拟语气。
I love music besides sports.
The house is never used except in winter.
The bus is empty except for an old woman.
I don’t know Peter except that he’s an Japanese.
There’s nothing but a chair in the room.
But for your help,I wouldn’t have finished my homework.