by在并排一条线上;

next to在顺序上紧靠旁边;

near 靠得最远，不表明确方向或顺序。 Lets meet at the school gate.

The building beside the library is the shopping center.

The boy standing by my side is from Shanghai.

Whos sitting next to/beside Mr.Steve?

about， round， around. about表示周围是随意的，不规则的;round或around的周围则是较完整的一个圈。 Dont leave the toys about the meeting-room.

They are sitting round/around the table.

to， for， at to 运动的方向，目的地;

for 动身出发的目的地;

at 有意攻击的目标。 Throw it to me.

Hell leave for Shanghai.

He threw the ball at that boy.

up， down up指往上，往北，大地方，靠拢;

down指向下，往南，向小地方，往开走但在一市区，去中心区用down，去郊区等用up。 They are going up the hill.

They are going down river.

Im going down town shopping.

on， in， to in表在某地区内;

on表接壤;

to表在某地区以外。 Shanghai is in the south of China.

Hunan lies on the north of Guangdong.

Xichang lies to the south west of Chengdu.

between，among between指两者之间;

among指在三者以上之间。 Theres a river between the two villages.

Theres a small house among the trees.