Main Contents：
背景知识：
The Nile 尼罗河
尼罗河纵穿非洲大陆的东北部，流经布隆迪，卢旺达，坦桑尼亚，乌干达，埃塞俄比亚，苏丹，埃及，跨越世界上最大的撒哈拉沙漠，然后注入地中海。流域面积约335万平方公里，占非洲大陆面积的九分之一，全长6650公里，年平均流量每秒3100立方米，为世界上最长的河流。尼罗河-阿拉伯语意为“大河”。“尼罗尼罗，长比天河”，是苏丹人民赞美尼罗河的谚语。
the White Nile 白尼罗河
柔美的白尼罗河是尼罗河的支流。它发源于海拔2621米的热带中非山区。
the Mediterranean 地中海
地中海位于干旱地区。这里终年气温高，气候干燥，降雨量少。据资料统计，地中海地区年蒸发量超过了年降水量与江河净流量之和，所以有人推断：如果没有大西洋海水流入地中海，也许不用1000年，地中海的水就会全部干涸，重新变成了干透了的特大深坑。虽然法国的罗纳河，埃及的尼罗河不断有淡水注入地中海，但由于蒸发快，一滴水都难以储存。
Khartoum 喀土穆
喀土穆是苏丹的首都，有“世界火炉”之称, 年平均气温28.7摄氏度，最高气温47.2摄氏度。喀土穆意为“大象的鼻子”，因其所处地形形状而得名。
Words, Expressions and Grammar
Dialogue:
1.generally speaking 通常来讲，一般说来
2.
occur vi.发生, 出现
e.g.The accident occurred at five oclock.
事故发生在五点钟。
If anything should occur, please inform the local police.
如果发生什么事情的话,请通知当地警察。
(与to连用)想起;想到 wｗw.ExamＷ.CoM
e.g.An idea occurred to me. 我想到一个主意。
The idea never occurred to me. 我从来没有打过这个主意。
It occurred to sb that ... 刚刚想到...,突然想起
e.g.It occurred to me that he once told me that he had a brother in another country.
It occurred to him suddenly that he could try to escape through the secret path.
3.
exception n.除外, 例外
e.g.Most children like sweets, but there are some exceptions.
大多数孩子喜欢吃糖果, 但也有一些例外。
We praised them all, with two exceptions.
我们称赞了所有的人，只有两个例外。
Theres an exception to every rule.
每项规则均有例外。
There is an exception to this grammatical rule.
这条语法规则有个例外。
4.
rather than conj.胜于，而不是
e.g.He prefers to stay at home rather than go to work.
He would like to keep his parents company rather than go sightseeing for his vacation.

5.
minor adj.较小的, 次要的 major
e.g.The young actress was given a minor part in the new play.
这个年轻女演员只分到这出新戏中一个较次要的角色/配角。
Don’t make a fuss; it’s only a minor illness 不要大惊小怪的，只是小病而已。
Don’t worry; he only had a minor injury. 别担心他只是受了轻伤。
a minor party少数党
6.
inconvenience n.不便;麻烦
e.g.It often causes a lot of inconvenience when buses come late.
公共汽车晚点时,常常引起许多不便。
I hope it wont cause you too much inconvenience to drive me to the station.
我希望你驾车送我到车站不会使你感到不便。
I’m sorry for having put you into inconvenience.
很抱歉给你带来很多麻烦。
7.
renew the passport 更换护照
*renew, restore, refresh 都含“恢复”、“更新”的意思。
renew 系常用词, 指“使已旧或已失去力气、活力等物变新或复原”, 如:
e.g.I renewed my spirits in the country air.
在乡村的空气中我恢复了精力
renew a stock of goods
更新库存货物。
restore 指“把用旧、用坏的东西恢复原样”, 如:
e.g.restore an old castle恢复旧城堡。
refresh 指“使恢复力量、精力”, 如:
e.g.refresh oneself with a cold shower 用冷水浴恢复精神。
passport n. 护照
e.g.school passport登记卡
service passport (visa)公务护照(签证)
ships passport船舶护照
Hard work was her passport to success.
艰苦的工作是她获得成功的保证
Quite a number of young people maintain that money is a passport to happiness.
相当一部分年轻人坚持认为金钱是获得幸福的保证。
8.
travel agency n.旅行社
e.g.sole agency /exclusive agency独家代理
agency general 总代理
agency service 代理业务
Employment Service Agency 职业介绍服务处
9.
rent vt, vi付租金;租用;出租，租出
e.g.My father rents an office in the city.
我父亲在城里租了间办公室。
Is that your own computer, or do you rent it?
这电脑是你自己的,还是租来的?
Would you like to rent a room to Mrs. Smith?
租一间房给史密斯太太
(与at连用)以…出租
e.g.The apartment rents at $2000 a month.
这个单元套房以每月2000美元出租。
10.
sublet v.转租 (let v&n. 出租，租金)
subrent n. 转租租金