1. Syntax is the study of the interrelationships between elements of sentence structure and of the rules governing the way words are ________ to form sentences in a language.

A. analyzed

B. examined

C. linked

D. arranged

2. ________ lexical categories are open categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.

A. Minor

B. Major

C. All

D. None of the above

3. NP and ________ are essential components of a sentence.

A. VP

B. PP

C. AP

D. CP

4. The two clauses in a ________ sentence are structurally equal parts of the sentence.

A. simple

B. complete

C. complex

D. coordinate

5. The embedded clause in a complex sentence is normally called ________ clause.

A. a subordinate

B. a main

C. a matrix

D. a major

6. Transformational grammar is a type of grammar first proposed by ________ in the mid-1950s.

A. Saussure

B. Bloomfield

C. Chomsky

D. Halliday

7. The rules that group words and phrases to form grammatical sentences are called ________ rules.

A. lexical

B. structural

C. coordinate

D. combinational

8. ________ can generate an infinite number of sentences.

A. Phrase structure rules

B. Movement rules

C. Syntactic rules

D. None of the above

9. Morphology refers to the ________ of words.

A. science

B. form

C. history

D. system

10. The smallest meaningful unit of language is ________.

A. morpheme

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. allomorpheme

11. The word “boyish” contains two ________.

A. phonemes

B. morphs

C. morphemes

D. allomorphs

12. ________ morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

A. Free

B. Bound

C. Root

D. Affix

13. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called ________ morphemes.

A. inflectional

B. independent

C. free

D. derivational

14. ________ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.

A. Prefixes

B. Suffixes

C. Roots

D. Affixes

15. In English “-ise” and “-tion” are called ________.

A. prefixes

B. suffixes

C. infixes

D. free morphemes

16. There are rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of ________ to form a new word.

A. root

B. affix

C. stem

D. word

17. The words such as “lab” and “doc” are ________.

A. formed by blending

B. acronyms

C. coined by back-formation

D. clipped words

参考答案：C B A D A C D A  B A C B A A B C D