1．Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement.
　　【译文】单独旅行时，如果挨饿、受伤或生病，通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助。

　　【析句】这是一个简单句。Someone是句子的主语，现在分词短语（traveling alone）是其定语；if hungry, injured, or ill实际上是简略的由if引导的状语从句，相当于 if (he was) hungry, injured, or ill，这里作插入成分。

　　【讲词】turn to意为“转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动”。If you quit dawdling and just turn to, the cleaning will be done in a day.（如果你停止闲逛，马上开始工作，清洁工作一天就能做完。）He had to turn to his family for financial assistance.（他只得找家人给他提供经济援助。）

　　2． It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
　　【译文】对旅行者来说，这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说，这也并非是一时的行善冲动。

　　【析句】句子的主干结构是It was not a matter of choice… or merely a charitable impulse。注意表语由并列的两部分组成，由or来连接。

　　【讲词】on the part of， 在……方面，对……而言。 This represents some sort of failure on the part of the government.（对于政府来说，这就是某种失败。）Nevertheless, this is not double standard on the part of people.（然而，对人民来说这不是双重标准。）impulse表示“刺激；冲动；推动力”。Respect for the liberty of others is not a natural impulse in most men.（对大多数人来说，尊重他人的自由并不是一种自然的本能。）She bought the dress on impulse.（她一时冲动买了这件衣服。）charitable意为“仁慈的；（为）慈善事业的；宽恕的”。A charitable organization can never inherit from the estate of an individual who passes on without a will.（一个慈善组织永远也不能接受未立遗嘱的人所捐赠的财产。）