Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recently found that global warming might actually increase the number of species on the planet，contrary to a previous report that higher temperatures meant fewer life forms—a report mat was his own.

In Mayhew’s initial 2008 study，low biodiversity among marine invertebrates(无脊椎动物)appeared to coincide with warmer temperatures on Earth over the last 520 million years. But Mayhew and his colleagues decided to reexamine their hypothesis，this time using data that were“a fairer sample of the history of life.”砌this new collection of material.they found a complete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from what their previous paper argued：the number of different groups present in the fossil record was higher，rather than lower，durin9“greenhouse phases.”

Their previous findings rested on an assumption that fossil records can be taken to represent biodiversity changes throughout history.Thisn’t necessarily the case.because there are certain periods with higher.quality fossil samples.and some that are much more difficult to sample well.Aware of this bias.Mayhew’s team used data that standardized the number of fossils examined throughout history and accounted for other variables like sea level changes that might influence biodiversity in their new study to see if their old results would hold up.

Two years later，the results did not.But then why doesn’t life increasingly emerge on Earth as our temperatures get warmer?

While the switch may prompt some to assert that climate change is not hazardous to living creatures，Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team’s study are huge--over 500million years--and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humans concerned about global wanning.Many global warming concerns are focused on the next century.He said——and the lifetime of a species is typically one to 10 million years.

“I do worry that these findings vill be used by the climate skeptic community to say‘look.Climate warming is fine。he said.Not to mention the numerous other things we seem to do to create a storm of threats to biodiversity—think of what habitat(栖息地)destruction，overfishing，and pollution can do for a species’viability(生存力).Those things，Mayhew explained，give the organisms a far greater challenge in coping with climate change than they would have had in the absence of humans.

“If we were to relax all these pressures on biodiversity and allow the world to recover over millions of years in a warmer climate.then my prediction is it would be an improvement in biodiversity，”he said.So it looks like we need to curb our reckless treatment of the planet first，if we want to eventually see a surge in the number of species on the planet as temperatures get warmer.We don’t have 500 million years to wait.

1.What is the finding of Peter Mayhew’s recent study?

A.Higher temperature causes the low biodiversity of marine invertebrates.

B.Fossil record can represent a relatively believable history of life.

C.The number of fossils was higher during greenhouse phases.

D.Global warming might promote the richness of species on Earth.

2.What do we learn about Mayhew’s previous report?

A.It was based on his colleagues hypothesis about global warming.

B.It was contrary to what his team found in the recent study.

C.It was a complete reversal from his 2008 study about marine invertebrates.

D.It found evidence for the connections between biodiversity and temperature.

3.Why does Mayhew’s team use data that standardized the number of fossils?

A.They realize not all fossils can sample well to represent biodiversity changes.

B.They start to consider the variables that might influence biodiversity.

C.They want to check the previous findings with different research methods.

D.They believe sea level changes can lead to inaccurate fossil records.

4.Because of the huge timescales in his study，Mayhew believed .

A.global warming is not hazardous t0 1iving creatures in a short time

B.his study is not suitable to support short-term global warming

C.global warming concerns should be focused on in the next century

D.the lifetime of a species can be extended t0 10 million years

5.By“we don’t have 500 million years to wait”(Line 4，Para.6)，the author suggests that_____.

A.we have no enough time to allow the earth to recover from damages

B.we have no enough time to witness the evolution of a species

C.it’s urgent for humans to take steps to prevent global warming

D.it’s necessary for humans to stop maltreatment of the planet

1.D)。定位 由题干中的finding of Peter Mayhew’S recent study定位到文章第一段：University of York biologist Peter Mayhew recently found that global warming might actually increase the number of species on the planet…

详解： 事实细节题。本题考查彼得·梅休的最新研究成果。定位句指出，他发现气候变暖可能使得地球上物种的数量增加，故答案为D)。A)“气温升高导致海洋无脊椎动物生物多样性降低”，这是梅休2008年最初的研究结论，故排除;B)“化石记录能表现出相对可信的生物发展历史”，第三段第一句已经指出这是他研究前的假设而不是结论，故排除;C)“温室效应阶段化石数量更多”，第二段最后一句指出，是化石中体现的生物物种更多而不是化石本身的数量更多，故排除。

2.B)。定位 由题干中的Mayhew’S previous report定位到文中第二段第三句：With this new collection of material，they found a complete reversal of the relationship between species richness and temperature from what their previous paper argued...

详解：推理判断题。本题考查对梅休之前研究报告结论的理解。定位句指出，在新收集的材料中，他们发现了与他们之前的论文所辩称的一种物种丰富性与温度间完全相反的关系，故答案为B)。A)“他的报告是基于同事对于气候变暖的假设前提下”，文中第二段第二句提到their hypothesis，即是他们的共同假设，故排除;c)“与他2008年关于海洋无脊椎动物研究结论完全相反”，梅休之前的研究就是于2008年进行的这次研究，无法与自身作比较，故排除;D)“找到了生物多样性和气温之间的关系的证据”，由定位句可知是得出了与之相反的结论，而不是对其加以证实，故排除。

3.A)。定位 由题干中的data that standardized the number of fossils定位到文章第三段第二、三句：this isn’t necessarily the case，because there are certain periods with higher-quality fossil samples，and some that are much more diffimflt to sample well.Aware of this bias，Mayhew’S team used data that standardized the

number of fossils...

详解：推理判断题。本题考查梅休团队利用标准化化石的原因。定位句指出，因为某些特定的时段有一些更高质量的化石样本，其中一些更难取出好的样本。基于这一点，梅休团队在他们的新实验中利用标准化个数并被历史所检测的化石数据，故本题答案为A)。B)“他们开始考虑一些可能影响生物多样性的其他变化因素”、C)“他们想用不同的研究方法检验之前的结论”和D)“他们相信海平面变化会导致化石记录的不准确性”，文中第三段最后一句指出，他们只是猜测比如海平面等相关因素会影响生物多样性而想去证实它，故排除。

4.B)。定位 由题干中的the huge timescales in his study定位到文中第四段第三句....Mayhew explained that the timescales in his team’S study are huge--over 500 million years--and therefore inappropriate for the shorter periods that we might look at as humans concerned about global warmin9.

详解：事实细节题。本题考查梅休对于研究时间跨度太长的态度。定位句指出，梅休解释他们团队的研究时标很长，有5亿多年，所以用于解释人们关注的较短时间内的全球变暖是不合适的，故答案为B)。

A)“气候变暖短时间内不会对生物造成威胁”，文中第四段第三句前半部分指出那是气候变化质疑者的断言，故排除;C)“气候变暖的关注点应该集中在下个世纪”是陈述的事实而不是推测，故排除;D)“一个物种的寿命可以达到1千万年”与题干无直接逻辑关系，故排除。

5.D)