2018年公共英语一级口语语法知识详解

　　反意疑问句

一，定义：当我们陈述了一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加一个简短问句，称为反意疑问句。

例如: She is a teacher, isn’t she?

We are students, aren’t we?

二，反义疑问句的结构

结构一：前肯，+后否

eg. He is a student, isn’t he?

结构二：前否，+后肯

eg. He isn’t a student, is he?

三，反义疑问句的做题步骤

{同学们看到反义疑问句时，一定要想到以下这两个步骤}

1， 判定。判断用肯定还是否定。(前面的句子中有否定词not, never, few, little, nothing的时候，后面用肯定：反之，则用否定)

eg. He has never been to paris, has he ?

She knows little English, does she?

2， 找动词。(用于提问的动词有三种：be, do 和have。其中be 动词包括 am, is, are, was, were. Do包括do, does, did. Have包括have 和has，had.)

eg. She is a doctor, isn’t she? (这里是be动词)

She likes music, doesn’t she? (这里是一般性的行为动词，用do的各种形式来提问)

Mr. Smith has bought many books, hasn’t he? (这里是have表示完成时态)

注意：当看到have的时候。同学们一定要注意，当have表示“有”和“吃”的意思时，我们不用have，而是用do的各种形式。

例如：She has a book, doesn’t she? (有一本书)

You have a good friend, don’t you?(有一个好朋友)

He usually has dinner with his parents, doesn’t he ?

也就是说：

当看到have+动词过去分词，表示完成时态的时候，用have或has 的形式提问。

当have表示“有”和“吃”的意思时，我们用do的各种形式提问。

　　名词

一， 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词

1， 只能修饰可数名词的词语有: many, many a(n), a good / great many, a (great / large) number of, scores of, dozens of

2， 只能修饰不可数名词的词语有: much, a great deal of, a great / large amount of

3，既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词语有: a lot of, lots of, plenty of

二，可数名词复数

规则变化：

1..一般情况加 s ： book—books，house---houses，girl---girls

2.以 s, sh, ch, x结尾的加es ： class--- classes, box----boxes,

match----matches dish—dishes

3.辅音字母+ y结尾的变y为i加es： city---cities, country----countries , party----parties

4.以 o 结尾的+es的情况： heroes, tomatoes, potatoes (有生命的)

以 o 结尾+s的情况 ： radios, zoos, pianos , photos(无生命的)

5.以fe 结尾的 变fe为v +es ： wife—wives

不规则变化：

man—men, woman—women, tooth—teeth,

foot—feet, child—children, mouse—mice

单复数同行的有: sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese

合成词的复数形式, 两个词都变化.

例如： man teacher—men teachers woman doctor—women doctors

　　代词

用括号中人称代词的适当形式填空：

1.Her sister is helping _______(we).

2. John and I are in the same school._____(we)go to school together.

3.Everyone likes_____(she)。 4. Danny gives the book to ______ (you).

5._ _____(I) have many friends. Some of_____(they)are good at English.

6. Jim is English. ________ (I) like playing with _______(he).

7.I love ________(they)very much.

8.Miss Li often looks after________(she).

9.They are waiting for__________(they).

10.Do you like Li Ming? No, ______(I) don’t like _____(he).

　　介词

1,具体在哪一天用介词on

例如：在星期一 on Mondany, 在九月十号 on September 10th

2, 在哪一年用介词in

例如：在2012年, in 2012; 在1999年, in 1999

3, 穿什么颜色的衣服用介词in

例如：She is dressed in green today.

4, 河上面有一座桥用介词over

There is a bridge over the river.(over 在什么上面，两个物体不接触)

5，表示一段时间，介词for+时间

例如：I have worked here for three years.

6,about:关于 ;在…前面: in front of

　　被动语态

一，英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。(主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象)

例如： She wrote the book. 她写了这本书(主动句)

The book was written by her.这本书是被她写的(被动句)

二， 被动语态的结构：be+动词的过去分词

二， 被动语态的标志性单词：by 和with

by引出动作的执行者;with引出行动使用的工具

例如：He was killed by a robber.他被一个强盗杀死了。(这里by引出动作的执行者：robber)

He was killed with a knife.他被人用刀杀死的。(这里with引出行动使用的工具：knife)

1. English ____ in Canada.

A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken

2. This kind of car ___ in Japan.

A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made

3 Our room must ___ clean.

A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep5

4 Doctors __ _ in every part of the world.

A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need

5. New computers ___ all over the world.

A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used

6 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.

A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building

　　数词

一，基数词one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve

序数词first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth

二，序数词的运用

1. 一般要加the表示顺序, the First Lesson , the Third Floor

2. 有限定词时，不用the,

例如：This is Lily’s second pen.

It’s our first lesson.

Mary is my first teacher.

三，dozen, hundred， thousand，million和billion

1,当他们前面有数字时，后面不加S,

例如：

三打three dozen 三百three hundred 三千three thousand

2,当他们后面有加S时, 后面通常要跟of, 例如：

hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计

millions of 数百万 dozens of 几打

　　主谓一致

1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数。

2、由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数

但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

The poet and writer has come.

3、一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

4、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。

5、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

6、由连词not……but……, or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。

7、There be句型、以here,there开头的句子,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。

8、 many a +单数名词 (许多……) ;作主语，尽管意思是复数，但谓语动词还是用单数。

Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。

1)How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.

A. have B. has C. is D. are

2) Not only his parents but also his brother ________to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back.

A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone

3)Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.

A. were B.is C.are D. was

4) There _____ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.

A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are

5) The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.

A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five

6). Not only my brother but also I ______ good at painting. Both of us ______good painters.

A. are...are B. am...are? C. is...is D. are...is

7).------Two months _______ quite a long time.

------Yes. I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of lessons.

A. is B. are C. was D. were

8). Many a professor _____ looking forward to visiting Germany now. Many scientists _____ studied animals and plants in the last two years.

A. is; have B. is; has C. are; have D. is; are

9).Two hundred and fifty pounds _____ too unreasonable a price for a second-hand car.

A. is B. are C. were D. be

词汇短语句型

1.So do I 我也是

2. There is something wrong with … ….出问题了

3. What do you think of …..? 你认为…怎么样?

How do you think ? 你认为怎么样? How do you like? 你认为怎么样?

4. Help yourself 请自便

5. 打电话时 问：Who is that speaking?

答：This is ….speaking.

6. 征求意见 问：Would you mind……..?

答：Of course not.

7. Would rather sb. do sth. 宁愿某人做某事

8. The answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙

9.How long 多长 how much 多少(+不可数名词) how many多少(+可数名词)

how often 多久一次(表示频率) how soon 多快

10. go fishing 钓鱼 go shopping 逛街

11. turn on打开 turn off 关掉 turn down调小，调低 turn up 开大(声音)，出现

12. look for寻找 find out找出 look at 看一看

13. arrive in/ at 到达 arrive in+大地方 arrive at+小地方

14. be good at擅长… be bad at不擅长… be good for 对…有益 be bad for对…有害

15. on duty 值日 I’m on duty today 今天我值日

16. as soon as 一…就

17. catch up with 赶上 ，追上

18. agree with sb 同意某人的意见

19. get on well with 与…和睦相处

20. set up：创立，设立 put up：举起 抬起 pick up：拾起，捡起;无意间学会(一门语言)

21. too…to 太…以至于不能 She is too young to go to school.

so…that… 如此….以至于 She is so young that she cannot go to school.

　　形容词副词的比较级和最高级

关于形容词副词，考试时就主要考比较级和最高级

形容词比较级的用法

1“as +原级+as”

She is as smart as you.

2 “比较级+than”

Jim is taller than Tom.

3比较级+and+比较级：越来越…..

bigger and bigger:越来越大 more and more difficult:越来越难

Her work is getting better and better. 她的工作干得越来越好

I become more and more forgetful as I’m getting old.随着年龄的增长，我变得越来越健忘了。

4the +比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子. 越……越……

The more you get, the more you want. 得到的越多，想要的就越多。

The faster the air is moving, the stronger the wind is.空气流动地越快，风就越大。

5形容词比较级前可用much, a lot, far, a bit 等词修饰。

例如： a lot better好多了 much taller高多了 much more comfortable 舒服多了

也可以用数词+名词构成 例如：two years younger 少两岁

2 形容词最高级的用法

1通常由“+the+形容词最高级+介词短语”

例如：He is the tallest boy in our class.

He is the most interesting teacher in our school

2有时，最高级前有the second, the third等修饰

例如：Los Angeles is the second largest city in America.

洛杉矶是美国的第二大城市。

( ) 2 Li Lei is___ student in our class.

A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest

( ) 3 The fifth orange is____ of all. Give it to that small child.

A. big B. bigger C. the bigger D. the biggest

( )4 Who is---of you three?

A. the oldest B. much older C. oldest D. older

( ) 1 Tom is one of ____ boys in our class.

A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall

( ) 2 English is one of____ spoken in the world.

A. the important languages B. the most important languages

C. most important language D. the most important language

( ) 3 Beijing is one of____ in China.

A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities

　　动词和时态

终止性动词 → 延续性动词：

borrow → keep buy / get → ha

die → be dead open → be open close → be closed

begin / start (开演) → be on finish / end / complete → be over

leave / start (出发) → be away go to school → be at school

join the army → be in the army join the Party → be in the Party

fall asleep / get to sleep → be asleep

receive / get a letter from // hear from → have a letter from

持续性动词后面可以加for+时间段

现在完成时

1形式：have+过去分词; has+过去分词

Eg. I have finished my homework. 我已经写完了我的家庭作业

He has returned from school. 他已经从学校回来

2.用法

1.表示截止到现在已经完成的动作

eg By now, I have collected all the data that I need.

2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作

eg She has been to the United States.

3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续

eg I have learned English for 8 years.

过去完成时：

had+ 过去分词

1.发生在“过去的过去”

eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining.

2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用

eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.

3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间

eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.

过去将来时

1.宾语从句或间接引语中

eg He didn’t expect that we would all be there.

2.表示过去习惯性的动作

eg During that period, he would do this every day.

3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句

eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing.

一般过去式

标志性词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two years ago, last month

the other day 不久前一 天 in 19999 (在过去的年月)

现在进行时

标志性词：now, look! Listen!

Look, they are playing basketball.

Listen, she is singing.

重要的动词

Keep的用法

1.keep +形容词

2.keep+sth/sb +形容词

3.keep +doing 一直做某事

4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。

5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物

6.How long may I keep this book ? keep指借。

Stop 的用法

1. stop … from + v.-ing “阻止”、“阻拦”“阻止……做某事”。

2. stop to do“停下来做某事”，强调停下来去做另外一件事。

3. stop doing“停止做某事”，强调停止正在做的事情。

Forget 和remember的用法

1，forget to do，忘记还没做的事情

2，forget doing忘记已经做过的事

1，remember to do，忘记还没做的事情

2，remember doing忘记已经做过的事

Buy 的用法

1. 用作动词，表示“买”，可带双宾语;若双宾易位，通常要用介词 for。如：

我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。

正：My uncle bought me an English dictionary.

正：My uncle bought an English dictionary for me.

2. 表示向某人买某物，通常用介词 from。如：

He bought this watch from a friend. 他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。

3. 表示用多少钱买某物，通常用介词 for。如：

I bought the computer for $600. 我花600美元买了这台电脑。

He bought it for very little money. 他买它只花了一点点钱。

【注】有时也用介词 at, 侧重指价格。如(from www.yywords.com)：

He bought them for [at] 10p each. 他以每个10 便士的价格买下了它们。

4. 是终止性动词，因此在肯定句中不宜与一段时间连用。如：

这房子我已买了十年。

正：I bought this house ten years ago.

Borrow: 借入 borrow sth. from sb.

Lend : 借出 lend sth. to sb.

由于时间有限，就总结这些知识给同学们复习了。祝同学好运，考出好成绩!