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m: emily dickinson is one of the greatest american poets. she was born in a typical new england village in massachusetts on december 10, 1830. she was the second child of the family. she died in the same house fifty-six years later. during her life time she never left her native land. she left her home state only once. she left her village very few times. and after 1872 she rarely left her house and yard. in the last years of her life she retreated to a smaller and smaller circle of family and friends. in those later years she dressed in white, avoided strangers, and communicated chiefly through notes and poems even with intimates. the doctor who attended her illness was allowed to "examine" her in another room, seeing her walk by an opened door. she was thought of as a "strange" figure in her home village. when she died on may 15, 1886, she was unknown to the rest of the world. only seven of her poems had appeared in print.but to think emily dickinson only as a strange figure is a serious mistake. she lived simply and deliberately. she faced the essential facts of life. according to henry james, a famous american novelist, she was one of those on whom nothing was lost. only by thus living could dickinson manage both to fulfill her obligations as a daughter, a sister, and a housekeeper and to write on the average one poem a day.she read only a few books but knew them deeply. her poems are simple but remarkably rich. not until 1950s was she recognized as one of the greatest american poets.

section ii use of englishread the following text. choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet

(1)during the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per cent. some countries did not 1 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not

(2) many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations

(3) solutions.

(4) problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very

(5) it provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly

section iii reading comprehensionpart aread the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1.

text

it was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. after six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, australia’s northern territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. the measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. almost immediately word flashed on the internet and was picked up, half a world away, by john hofsess, executive director of the right to die society of canada. he sent it on via the group’s on-line service, death net. says hofsess: "we posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened in australia. it’s world history."the full import may take a while to sink in. the nt rights of the terminally ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. some have breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the australian medical association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. but the tide is unlikely to turn back. in australia ? where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part ? other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. in the u.s. and canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.under the new northern territory law, an adult patient can request death ? probably by a deadly injection or pill ? to put an end to suffering. the patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. after a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. after 48 hours the wish for death can be met. . for lloyd nickson, a 54-year-old darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the nt rights of terminally ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. "i’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what i was afraid of was how i’d go, because i’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.

1. from the second paragraph we learn that[a] the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.[b] physicians and citizens have the same view on euthanasia.[c] technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.[d] it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.

2. by saying that "observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling", the authormeans that[a] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.[b] there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the u.s. and canada.[c] observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.[d] the process of the bill taking effect may finally come to a stop.

3. when lloyd nickson is close to death, he will[a] undergo a cooling off period of seven days.[b] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.[c] have an intense fear of terrible suffering.[d] face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.4. what is the author’s attitude towards euthanasia?[a] hostile.[b] suspicious.[c] approving.[d] indifferent.5. we can infer from the text that the author believes the success of the right-to-diemovement is[a] only a matter of time.[b] far from certain.[c] just an illusion.[d] a shattered hope.