2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料：代词
2018全国英语等级考试二级语法资料：代词
代词
1.代词分类表：英语中代词有九类，用来指代名词或上、下文中的词，词组或句子。
序
号 | #FormatImgID_0#数 人 种 称 类 | 单数 | 复数 | |||||||
一 | 二 | 三 | 一 | 二 | 三 | |||||
1 | 人称 代词 | 主格 | I | you | he | she | it | we | you | they |
宾格 | me | you | him | her | it | us | you | them | ||
2 | 物主 代词 | 形容 词性 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
名词性 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs | ||
3 | 反身代词 | myself | yourself | himself | herself | itself | ourselves | yourselves | themselves | |
4 | 指示代词 | this that | these those | |||||||
5 | 不定代词 | 指代人 | somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, everybody, everyone |
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事物 | something, anything, nothing, everything |
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指代人或物事 | one, another, each, every, much, either, neither, little, a little | ones, others, the others, both,few, a few, many, several | ||||||||
some, any, no, all, other, the other, none, a lot(of), such | ||||||||||
6 | 相互代词 | each other, one another, each other’s,one another’s | ||||||||
7 | 疑问代词 | who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) | ||||||||
8 | 连接代词 | who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ever), which(ever), what(ever) | ||||||||
9 | 关系代词 | who, whom, whose, which, that, as | ||||||||
2.人称代词用法表：
序号 | 作用 | 用法说明 | 例 句 |
1 | 作主语 | 用主格 | Does he enjoy listening to music? |
2 | 作表语 | 指主语用主格 | Was it she who saw the white cat? |
指宾语用宾格 | I believe the writer to be him. | ||
3 | 作宾语 | 用宾格 | These books belong to them. |
注意：
(1)代词并列时，排列顺序为“二，三，一”人称，如：“you,he and I”;“him and me”。
(2)人称代词常在名词后，但“you”在名词前，如：“you, Tom and I”。
(3)其他种类代词在“人称代词”后，如：“he and some others”。
(4)口语中，宾格作表语，如：“It’s me.”。
3.物主代词：
分 类 | 句法功能 | 例 句 |
形容词性物主代词 | 作定语 | This is my pen. |
名词性物主代词 | 作主语、表语、宾语 | This bike is hers. |
注意：名词性物主代词可用于双重所有格中：
She is a friend of mine.
4.反身代词：
序号 |
| 在句中充当的成分 | 例 句 |
1 | 宾语 | 位于动词后 | She could dress herself when she was six. |
位于介词后 | Take care of yourselves. | ||
“宾语+and”后 | She invited Mike and myself to the party. | ||
2 | 表 语 | He doesn’t seem himself today. | |
3 | 同 位 语 | 主语同位语 | He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself. |
宾语同位语 | You can ask the president himself. | ||
4 | 并 列 主 语 | and之后 | (Both)Mary and myself will go. |
or之后 | (Either)Mary or yourself will go. | ||
nor之后 | (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it. | ||
注意：
(1)反身代词不单独作主语。
(2)oneself也是一个反身代词，用法与上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.
5.指示代词：“this,that,these,those”,可作名词用也可作形容词用。见下表：
| 在句中的成分 | 例 句 | |
1 | 作 名 词 用 | 作主语 | This is Smith. |
2 | 作宾语 | I like this. | |
3 | 作表语 | His idea is this. | |
4 | 作形容词用 | 作定语 | This way,please. |
6.不定代词：
序 号 | 分 类 | 功 能 | 用法 | 不定代词 | 例词或例句 | 说明 |
1 | 作 形 容 词 | 定语 | 接可数单数 | every“每个的”，只作定语 | every body | 指三者或三者以上的“每个的”。 |
接可数复数 | other | other boys |
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接三类名词 | no | no people | no=not a/any | |||
2 | 作 名 词 | 主语、表语、宾语 | 代单数（人） | someone,somebody anyone,anybody everyone,everybody no one,nobody | Someone is waiting for Jack. Is everyone here? Is there anybody out? | someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建议等的疑问句中； anyone,anybody用于否定条件句或疑问句中。 |
代单数（物） | something,anything nothing,everything | Something is wrong with my bike. | something用于肯定句或表建议等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑问句中。 | |||
代复数 （人/物） | others，the others | She likes to help others. Where are the others? | the others其余的人/物。 | |||
| none | None of us is afraid. | 指三者或三者以上当中“没一个”。 | |||
3 | 既可作名词又可作形容词 | 主语、定语、表语、宾语 | 不可数 | little,a little,much | There’s little time left. | little“几乎没有”，表否定。 |
可数复数 | few,a few,many,several, both | Both my sisters are good. | few“几乎没有”表否定；both只用于两者“两者都”。 | |||
可数单数 | one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”) another,either,neither | Each student has a pencil. | either二者之中任一个；neither二者之中没一个。 | |||
接/代三类名词 | all,some,any,such,the other | He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. | some用于肯定句或表建议的句中；any用于否定、疑问句或条件句中。 | |||
可数复数或不可数 | lots of, a lot of, a lot | He has lots of/a lot of friends. He has a lot to say. |
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注意：
(1)both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位语，位于助动词，系动词或情态动词后，行为动词之前。
The boys are all in the classroom.
Both(of)my brothers like sports.
(2)every other+可数名词单数：指“每隔一…”。
They go to play basketball every other day.
(3)no/any/every/some与one/body构成的复合词指人，不用于of前。
(4)all/both/every及其复合词与否定词连用时，表部分否定。相应的全否定为none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.
None of us are students.
(5)“another+数词+名词复数”表示“再来(数词)…”。
Another two coffees,please.
(6)the other+单数可数名词或不可数名词或复数可数名词表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。
The other boys are playing on the playground.
the other后不接任何词时，指“二者中的另一个。”
I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.
7.疑问代词：用来构成特殊疑问句。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。
在句中成分 | 例句 |
主语 | Who did it? |
宾语 | What are you doing? |
定语 | Whose bike is it? |
补语 | What do you call it in Japanese? |
表语 | Whose is this book? |
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