历年真题 ：英语专业八级考试全真试题附答案6
【听力理解】
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2009)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While
listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need
them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be
given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling
task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Writing Experimental Reports
I.Content of an experimental report, e.g.
--- study subject/ area
--- study purpose
--- ____1____
II.Presentation of an experimental report
--- providing details
--- regarding readers as _____2_____
III.Structure of an experimental report
--- feature: highly structured and ____3____
--- sections and their content:
INTRODUCTION ____4____; why you did it
METHOD how you did it
RESULT what you found out
____5____ what you think it shows
IV. Sense of readership
--- ____6____: reader is the marker
--- ____7____: reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligent person with little knowledge of your study
--- tasks to fulfill in an experimental report:
introduction to relevant area
necessary background information
development of clear arguments
definition of technical terms
precise description of data ____8____
V. Demands and expectations in report writing
--- early stage:
understanding of study subject/area and its implications
basic grasp of the report’s format
--- later stage:
____9____ on research significance
--- things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:
inadequate material
____10____ of research justification for the study
SECTION B INTERVIEW
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10
seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the interview.
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. Toastmasters was originally set up to train speaking skills.
B. Toastmasters only accepts prospective professional speakers.
C. Toastmasters accepts members from the general public.
D. Toastmasters is an exclusive club for professional speakers.
2. The following are job benefits by joining Toastmasters EXCEPT
A. becoming familiar with various means of communication.
B. learning how to deliver messages in an organized way.
C. becoming aware of audience expectations.
D. learning how to get along with friends.
3. Toastmasters’ general approach to training can be summarized as
A. practice plus overall training.
B. practice plus lectures.
C. practice plus voice training.
D. practice plus speech writing.
4. Toastmasters aims to train people to be all the following EXCEPT
A. public speakers.
B. grammar teachers.
C. masters of ceremonies.
D. evaluators.
5. The interview mainly focuses on
A. the background information.
B. the description of training courses.
C. the requirements of public speaking.
D. the overall personal growth.
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the
questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.
Questions 6 and 7 are’based on the foUowing news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
6. Which of the following is the main cause of global warming?
A. Fossil fuel.
B. Greenhouse gases.
C. Increased dryness.
D. Violent storm patterns.
7. The news item implies that ______ in the last report.
A. there were fewer studies done
B. there were fewer policy proposals
C. there was less agreement
D. there were fewer objectives
Questions 8 and 9 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
8. The cause of the Indian train accident was
A. terrorist sabotage.
B. yet to be determined.
C. lack of communications.
D. bad weather.
9. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A. The accident occurred on a bridge.
B. The accident occurred in New Delhi.
C. There were about 600 casualties.
D. Victims were rescued immediately.
Question 10 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10
seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
10. What is the main message of the news item?
A. Young people should seek careers advice.
B. Careers service needs to be improved.
C. Businesses are not getting talented people.
D. Careers advice is not offered on the Intemet.
【阅读理解】
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.
Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.
TEXT A
We had been wanting to expand our children’s horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we’d been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to
Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.
We envisioned the trip as a prelude to more exotic ones, perhaps to New Delhi or Bangkok later this year, but thought our 11- and 13-year-olds needed a first step away from manicured boulevards and pristine monuments.
What we didn’t foresee was the reaction of friends, who warned that we were putting our children "in danger," referring vaguely, and most incorrectly, to disease, terrorism or just the unknown. To help us get acquainted with the peculiarities of Istanbul and to give our children a chance to choose what they were particularly interested in seeing, we bought an excellent
guidebook and read it thoroughly before leaving.
Friendly warnings didn’t change our planning, although we might have more prudently checked with the U.S. State Department’s list of troublespots. We didn’t see a lot of children among the foreign visitors during our six-day stay in Istanbul, but we found the tourist areas quite safe, very interesting and varied enough even to suit our son, whose oft-repeated request is that we not see "every single" church and museum in a given city.
Vaccinations weren’t needed for the city, but we were concemed about adapting to the water for a short stay. So we used bottled water for drinking and brushing our teeth, a precaution that may seem excessive, but we all stayed healthy.
Taking the advice of a friend, we booked a hotel a 20-minute walk from most of Istanbul’s major tourist sites. This not only got us some morning exercise, strolling over the Karakoy Bridge, but took us past a colorful assortment of fishermen, vendors and shoe shiners.
From a teenager and pre-teen’s view, Istanbul street life is fascinating since almost everything can be bought outdoors. They were at a good age to spend time wandering the labyrinth of the Spice Bazaar, where shops display mounds of pungent herbs in sacks. Doing this
with younger children would be harder simply because the streets are so packed with people; it
would be easy to get lost.
For our two, whose buying experience consisted of department stores and shopping mall boutiques, it was amazing to discover that you could bargain over price and perhaps end up with two of something for the price of one. They also learned to figure out the relative value of the Turkish lira, not a small matter with its many zeros.
Being exposed to Islam was an important part of our trip. Visiting the mosques, especially the enormous Blue Mosque, was our first glimpse into how this major religion is practiced. Our children’s curiosity already had been piqued by the five daily calls to prayer over loudspeakers in every corner of the city, and the scarves covering the heads of many women.
Navigating meals can be troublesome with children, but a kebab, bought on the street or in restaurants, was unfailingly popular. Since we had decided this trip was not for gourmets, kebabs spared us the agony of trying to find a restaurant each day that would suit the adults’ desire to try something new amid children’s insistence that the food be served immediately. Gradually, we
branched out to try some other Turkish specialties.
Although our son had studied Islam briefly, it is impossible to be prepared for every awkward question that might come up, such as during our visits to the Topkapi Sarayi, the Ottoman Sultans’ palace. No guides were available so it was do-it-yourself, using our guidebook,
which cheated us of a lot of interesting history and anecdotes that a professional guide could provide. Next time, we resolved to make such arrangements in advance.
On this trip, we wandered through the magnificent complex, with its imperial treasures, its courtyards and its harem. The last required a bit of explanation that we would have happily lef~to a learned third party.
11. The couple chose Istanbul as their holiday destination mainly because
A. the city is not too far away from where they lived.
B. the city is not on the list of the U.S. State Department.
C. the city is between the familiar and the exotic.
D. the city is more familiar than exotic.
12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A. The family found the city was exactly what they had expected.
B. Their friends were opposed to their holiday plan.
C. They could have been more cautious about bringing kids along.
D. They were a bit cautious about the quality of water in the city.
13. We learn from the couple’s shopping experience back home that
A. they were used to bargaining over price.
B. they preferred to buy things outdoors.
C. street markets were their favourite.
D. they preferred fashion and brand names.
14. The last two paragraphs suggest that to visit places of interest in Istanbul
A. guidebooks are very useful.
B. a professional guide is a must.
C. one has to be prepared for questions.
D. one has to make arrangements in advance.
15. The family have seen or visited all the following in Istanbul EXCEPT
A. religious prayers.
B. historical buildings.
C. local-style markets.
D. shopping mall boutiques.
TEXT B
Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and
1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming "demographic cliff" will see vast numbers of
skilled workers dispatched from the labour force.
The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged
between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will
decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in
the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by
more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35- to 44-year-olds decline by 10%.
Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65, companies have a looming
problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they
have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of
human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: "When the baby-boomer generation
retires, many companies will find out too late that a career’s worth of experience has walked out
the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void."
Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defence, for example, as much as
40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At
the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.
A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier
this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in
Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work
for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world
tomorrow?
If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to
older workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of
the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they
are one of the industries most in need of skilled labour. Other sectors similarly affected, says the Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.
Near the top of the AARP’s latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense
industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere’s 46,000 employees are
over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that - flexible
working, telecommuting, and so forth - also coincidentaUy help older workers to extend their
working lives. The company spends "a lot of time" on the ergonomics of its factories, making
jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.
Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the world’s most advanced
manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labour
available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW
recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.
Needs must when the devil drives.
Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired
people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000
registered alumni, and about 25% of its "experienced" new recruits are former employees who
return after an absence.
But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found
that "although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it
is not dealing with the issue." Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questioned
by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five
years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are
looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America
complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards - this when the pool of
retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.
Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the
crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the
only way to cope with a falling supply of labour. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supply - whatever the local effect of demographics in
the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and
India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their
immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the
need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.
16. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching
retirement would be
A. a loss of knowledge and experience to many companies.
B. a decrease in the number of 35- to 44- year-olds.
C. a continuous increase in the number of 50-to 64-year-olds.
D. its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing.
17. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing
workforce EXCEPT
A. making places of work accommodate the needs of older workers.
B. using alumni networks to hire retired former employees.
C. encouraging former employees to work overseas.
D. granting more convenience in working hours to older workers.
18. "The company spends ’a lot of time’ on the ergonomics of its factories" (Paragraph Seven)
means that
A. the company attaches great importance to the layout of its factories.
B. the company improves the working conditions in its factories.
C. the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factories.
D. the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment.
19. In the author’s opinion American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the
ageing workforce mainly because
A. they have not been aware of the problem.
B. they are reluctant to hire older workers.
C. they are not sure of what they should do.
D. they have other options to consider.
20. Which of the following best describes the author’s development of argument?
A. introducing the issue---citing ways to deal with the issue---~describing the actual
status---offering reasons.
B. describing the actual status--- introducing the issue---citing ways to deal with the
issue---offering reasons.
C. citing ways to deal with the issue---introducing the issue----describing the actual
status---offering reasons.
D. describing the actual status--offering reasons---introducing the issue---citing ways to
deal with the issue.
TEXT C
(1) The other problem that arises from the employment of women is that of the working wife.
It has two aspects: that of the wife who is more of a success than her husband and that of the wife who must rely heavily on her husband for help with domestic tasks. There are various ways in which the impact of the first difficulty can be reduced. Provided that husband and wife are not in the same or directly comparable lines of work, the harsh fact of her greater success can be obscured by a genial conspiracy to reject a purely monetary measure of achievement as intolerably crude. Where there are ranks, it is best if the couple work in different fields so that the husband can find some special reason for the superiority of the lowest figure in his to the most elevated in his wife’s.
(2) A problem that affects a much larger number of working wives is the need to re-allocate
domestic tasks if there are children. In The Road to Wigan Pier George Orwell wrote of the
unemployed of the Lancashire coalfields: "Practically never ... in a working-class home, will you
see the man doing a stroke of the housework. Unemployment has not changed this convention,
which on the face of it seems a little unfair. The man is idle from morning to night but the woman is as busy as ever - more so, indeed, because she has to manage with less money. Yet so far as myexperience goes the women do not protest. They feel that a man would lose his manhood if, merely because he was out of work, he developed in a ’Mary Ann’."
(3) It is over the care of young children that this re-allocation of duties becomes really
significant. For this, unlike the cooking of fish fingers or the making of beds, is an inescapably time-consuming occupation, and time is what the fully employed wife has no more to spare of than her husband.
(4) The male initiative in courtship is a pretty indiscriminate affair, something that is tried on with any remotely plausible woman who comes within range and, of course, with all degrees of
tentativeness. What decides the issue of whether a genuine courtship is going to get under way is the woman’s response. If she shows interest the engines of persuasion are set in movement. The truth is that in courtship society gives women the real power while pretending to give it to men.
(5) What does seem clear is that the more men and women are together, at work and away
from it, the more the comprehensive amorousness of men towards women will have to go, despite
all its past evolutionary services. For it is this that makes inferiority at work abrasive and, more indirectly, makes domestic work seem unmanly, if there is to be an equalizing redistribution of economic and domestic tasks between men and women there must be a compensating redistribution of the erotic initiative. If women will no longer let us beat them they must allow us to join them as the blushing recipients of flowers and chocolates.
21. Paragraph One advises the working wife who is more successful than her husband to
A. work in the same sort of job as her husband.
B. play down her success, making it sound unimportant.
C. stress how much the family gains from her high salary.
D. introduce more labour-saving machinery into the home.
22. Orwell’s picture of relations between man and wife in Wigan Pier (Paragraph Two) describes a
relationship which the author of the passage
A. thinks is the natural one.
B. wishes to see preserved.
C. believes is fair.
D. is sure must change.
23. Which of the following words is used literally, NOT metaphorically?
A. Abrasive (Paragraph Five).
B. Engines (Paragraph Four).
C. Convention (Paragraph Two).
D. Heavily (Paragraph One).
24. The last paragraph stresses that if women are to hold important jobs, then they must
A. sometimes make the first advances in love.
B. allow men to flirt with many women.
C. stop accepting presents of flowers and chocolates.
D. avoid making their husbands look like "Mary Anns".
25. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the present form of courtship?
A. Men are equally serious about courtship.
B. Each man "makes passes" at many women.
C. The woman’s reaction decides the fate of courtship.
D. The man leaves himself the opportunity to give up the chase quickly.
TEXT D
From Namche Bazaar, the Sherpa capital at 12,000 feet, the long line threaded south,
dropping 2,000 feet to the valley floor, then trudged down the huge Sola-Khumbu canyon until it
opened out to the lush but still daunting foothills of Central Nepal.
It was here at Namche that one man broke rank and leaned north, slowly and arduously
climbing the steep walls of the natural amphitheater behind the scatter of stone huts, then past
Kunde and Khumjong.
Despite wearing a balaclava on his head, he had been frequently recognized by the Tibetans,
and treated with the gravest deference and respect. Even among those who knew nothing about
him, expressions of surprise lit up their dark, liquid eyes. He was a man not expected to be there.
Not only was his stature substantially greater than that of the diminutive Tibetans, but it
was also obvious from his bearing - and his new broadcloak, which covered a much-too-tight
army uniform - that he came from a markedly loftier station in life than did the average Tibetan.
Among a people virtually bereft of possessions, he had fewer still, consisting solely of a rounded bundle about a foot in diameter slung securely by a cord over his shoulder. The material the bundle was wrapped in was of a rough Tibetan weave, which did not augur that the content was
of any greater value - except for the importance he seemed to ascribe to it, never for a moment
releasing his grip.
His objective was a tiny huddle of buildings perched halfway up an enormous valley wall
across from him, atop a great wooded spur jutting out from the lower lap of the 22,493-foot Ama
Dablum, one of the most majestic mountains on earth. There was situated Tengboche, the most
famous Buddhist monastery in the Himalayas, its setting unsurpassed for magnificence
anywhere on the planet.
From the top of the spur, one’s eyes sweep 12 miles up the stupendous Dudh Kosi canyon
to the six-mile-long granite wall of cliff of Nuptse at its head. If Ama Dablum is the Gatekeeper,then the sheer cliff of Nuptse, never less than four miles high, is the Final Protector of the highest and mightiest of them all: Chomolongma, the Mother Goddess of the World, to the Tibetans; Sagarmatha, the Head of the Seas, to the Nepalese; and Everest to the rest of us. And over the great barrier of Nuptse She demurely peaks.
It was late in the afternoon - when the great shadows cast by the colossal mountains were
descending into the deep valley floors - before he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a stop just past Tengboche’s entrance gompa. His chest heaving in the rarefied air, he removed his hand from the bundle--the first time he had done so - and wiped grimy rivulets of sweat from
around his eyes with the fingers of his mitted hand.
His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds, the pagoda-like monastery
itself, and the stone buildings that tumbled down around it like a protective skirt. In the distance the magic light of the magic hour lit up the plume flying off Chomolongma’s 29,029-foot-high crest like a bright, welcoming banner.
His breathing calmed, he slowly, stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps to
the monastery entrance. There he was greeted with a respectful nameste -"I recognize the divine
in you" - from a tall, slim monk of about 35 years, who hastily set aside a twig broom he had
been using to sweep the flagstones of the inner courtyard. While he did so, the visitor noticed
that the monk was missing the small finger on his left hand. The stranger spoke a few formal
words in Tibetan, and then the two disappeared inside.
Early the next morning the emissary - lightened of his load - appeared at the monastery
entrance, accompanied by the same monk and the elderly abbot. After a bow of his head, which
was returned much more deeply by the two ocher-robed residents, he took his leave. The two
solemn monks watched, motionless, until he dipped over the ridge on which the monastery sat,
and out of sight.
Then, without a word, they turned and went back inside the monastery.
26. Which of the following words in Paragraph One implies difficulty in walking?
A. "threaded".
B. "dropping".
C. "trudged".
D. "daunting".
27. In the passage the contrast between the Tibetans and the man is indicated in all the following
aspects EXCEPT
A. clothing.
B. height.
C. social status.
D. personal belongings.
28. It can be inferred from the passage that one can get ______ of the region from the
monastery.
A. a narrow view
B. a hazy view
C. a distant view
D. a panoramic view
29. Which of the following details shows that the man became relaxed after he reached the
monastery?
A. "...he reached the crest of the spur and shuffled to a stop..."
B. "...he removed his hand from the bundle..."
C. "His narrowed eyes took in the open sweep of the quiet grounds..."
D. "...he slowly, stiffly struggled forward and up the rough stone steps..."
30. From how it is described in the passage the monastery seems to evoke
A. a sense of awe.
B. a sense of piety.
C. a sense of fear.
D. a sense of mystery.
【人文知识】
PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.
Mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.
31. The Head of State of New Zealand is
A. the governor-general.
B. the Prime Minister.
C. the high commissioner.
D. the monarch of the United Kingdom.
32. The capital of Scotland is
A. Glasgow.
B. Edinburgh.
C. Manchester.
D. London.
33. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence and later became the U.S. President?
A. Thomas Jefferson.
B. George Washington.
C. Thomas Paine.
D. John Adams.
34. Which of the following cities is located on the eastern coast of Australia?
A. Perth.
B. Adelaide.
C. Sydney.
D. Melbourne.
35. Ode to the West Windwas written by
A. William Blake.
B. William Wordsworth.
C. Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
D. Percy B. Shelley.
36. Who among the following is a poet of free verse?
A. Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B. Walt Whitman.
C. Herman Melville
D. Theodore Dreiser.
37. The novel Sons and Lovers was written by
A. Thomas Hardy.
B. John Galsworthy.
C. D.H. Lawrence.
D. James Joyce.
38. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and production is
A. corpus linguistics.
B. sociolinguistics.
C. theoretical linguistics.
D. psycholinguistics.
39. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers of different languages for purposes of trading is called
A. dialect.
B. idiolect.
C. pidgin.
D. register.
40. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking someone to open the
window, he is performing
A. an illocutionary act.
B. a perlocutionary act.
C. a locutionary act.
D. none of the above.
【改错】
PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)
Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.
When ∧ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)_______
it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)_______
them on the wall. When a natural history museum
wants an exhibition, it must often build i. (3)_______
The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes
from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference ____1____
between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt
in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener ____2____
has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. ____3_____
The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting
it may be something from 20 to 70 years. With the playground ____4____
lore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour ____5____
it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children of the ____6____
same age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the differnce in age
between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground
rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or ____7____
even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over
and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three ____8____
hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live ____9____
after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the ____10____
original wording.
【翻译】
PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on
ANSWER SHEET THREE.
我想不起来哪一个熟人没有手机。今天没有手机的人是奇怪的，这种人才需要解释。我们的所有社会关系都储存在手机的电话本里，可以随时调出使用。古代只有巫师才能拥有这种法宝。
手机刷新了人与人的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的"社交饥渴症"。最为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。
为什么对于手机来电和短信这么在乎?因为我们迫切渴望与社会保持联系。