摘要：英语单词的背诵相信很多考研er都已经坚持了很久，并且还将继续坚持下去，在最后的冲刺阶段，除了系统全面的复习，我们也需要有针对性的重点背诵，考研英语阅读的50个重要词汇盘点，希望可以帮到你。

　　1. authority 权威，当局

　　Mexican authorities noticed a large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults.

　　墨西哥当局注意到，在成年人中有大量人住院。

　　One authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control.

　　一位权威人士说道，这些极其强大的精神事件不但可以约束，还可以有意识地进行控制。

　　2. equivalent 等价物

　　The digital credential would be a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech equivalent of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card.

　　该数字证书可以成为一个"自愿受信身份"系统，从而成为物理密钥、指纹以及身份证的高科技等价物。

　　3. alternative 替代物

　　They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.

　　他们更愿意握紧自己的钱包，把在家吃饭作为一种现实的替代。

　　4. substitute 代替物

　　Devoted concertgoers reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance.

　　忠诚的音乐会爱好者回答道，唱片并不能`1代替现场表演。

　　5. community 具有共性的人 （社区，…届）

　　The approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a trusted community.

　　该方法能够在网络空间建一个"有墙的花园"，具有安全的"邻里关系"以及明亮的"街灯"，从而创造出一种安全社区的意识。

　　6. transaction 交易

　　The individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence.

　　个人和组织能够充满信任地完全在线交易。

　　7. mentality 心态

　　It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory of Internet "driver's license" mentality.

　　该计划看来明显是一个最初的推断，最终将形成一种英特网强制性"驾驶执照"的心态。

　　8. skepticism 怀疑

　　The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts.

　　该方案也遭到了电脑安全专家的怀疑。

　　History and news become confused, and one's impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.

　　历史和新闻变得令人困惑，人们开始产生一种怀疑与乐观相混合的印象。

　　9. executive 高级管理者

　　But Edward Dolman, the chief executive, says: "I'm pretty confident we're at the bottom."

　　但是首席执行官爱德华·多尔曼说道："我完全相信现在已经是在底部了。"

　　10. irony 讽刺

　　This episode crystallizes the irony that, although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they rarely talk at home.

　　该情节体现出一种讽刺，那就是，籍贯美国男性在公共场合比女性说话多，但在家里，他们很少说话。

　　11. preference 偏爱

　　The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out.

　　首先并且最重要的是消费者不断增长的对外出就餐的偏爱。

　　12. predominance 优势

　　Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.

　　不可避免的事，这种从优势地位退下来的感觉是痛苦的。

　　13. pattern 图案，模式

　　The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.

　　政治科学家安德鲁·哈克在上世纪七十年代观察到这一模式。

　　14. infrastructure 基础设施

　　Big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.

　　大型零售商在管理产品类别、物流、以及营销智能化方面，可以应用其规模、已有基础设施和历经考验的技能，这是有利可图的。

　　15. inequity 不公正

　　In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband.

　　在我自己的研究中，女性们对于丈夫的抱怨通常并非针对那些明显的不公正，例如放弃职业来陪伴丈夫。

　　16. humanity 人类，人性

　　He is publishing a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.

　　他的正在发表的一篇论文不仅暗示出某个人类群体会比其他群体更聪明，还解释了这种现象产生的过程。

　　His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on.

　　他主要关注的是人文学科：文学，语言，哲学等等。

　　17. revival 复活，复兴

　　Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote.

　　卡杜斯的批判性评论有机会复活吗？这看来很遥远。

　　18. amateur 业余爱好者

　　Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.

　　另外，音乐评论中的业余爱好者传统在急剧衰退。

　　19. corporation 公司

　　Corporations could use such approaches to introduce new routines.

　　公司应当采用这些方法来塑造新的惯例。

　　It's a self-examination that has involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

　　这是一种自我检查，其中包含责任、创造性自由和公司底线等问题。

　　20. economy 经济，经济体

　　Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price.

　　富裕国家不像过去那么依赖石油，因此对油价波动就不那么敏感。

　　21. adolescent 青少年

　　Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.

　　口香糖曾经主要是青少年购买，现在则经常出现在商业广告中，用来使口气清新，以及用来在餐后清洁牙齿。

　　22. juvenile青少年

　　Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.

　　很多关于青少年违法原因的理论都把主要影响原因归于个人或社会。

　　23. jury 陪审团

　　Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values.

　　很多美国人把陪审团制度看作关键民主价值的具体表现。

　　24. qualification 资格

　　There is a principle that all citizens should meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy.

　　有一个原则，那就是所有公民应当符合年龄和识字能力方面的最低资格要求。

　　25. specialization 专门化

　　Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge.

　　专门化可以看作是对科学知识不断积累的一种响应。

　　26. prerequisite 先决条件

　　Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career.

　　专业化使得博士学位成为成功学术生涯的先决条件。

　　27. connotation 内涵

　　The word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values.

　　"业余爱好者"一词的确带有这样一种内涵，那就是，没有完全整合进科学界的人不会分享其价值观。

　　28. prospect 前景

　　Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the job center with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.

　　失去工作是痛苦的：你不可能唱着歌蹦蹦跳跳地来到就业中心，心里高兴地想着这个慷慨的国家会让你的收入翻番。

　　29. prosperity 繁荣

　　"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.

　　"物质的核心"是美国艺术与科学研究院刚发表的一篇报告，这篇报告肯定了人文学科和社会科学对于美国自由民主的繁荣与安全的重要性，因此是值得表扬的。

　　30. intelligence 智力，智能

　　Jury duty was once limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character.

　　陪审团的职责曾经仅限于那些具有卓越智力、教育背景和道德素养的人。

　　Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results.

　　事实上，对于人工智能的探索所获得的结果是非常复杂的。

　　31. fitness 健康

　　But despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.

　　尽管存在一些反面的主张，事实上，笑对于身体健康几乎没有什么影响。

　　32. seminar 讨论会

　　He spent many of his weekly seminars giving detailed instructions in techniques of observation.

　　他用了很多的周讨论会来详细说明观察技术。

　　33. duty 职责

　　Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.

　　一些哲学家提出，权力作为职责与利益的交换的一部分，仅存在于契约中。

　　34. advocate 倡导(vt.) 倡导者(n.)

　　Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.

　　罗森博格令人信服地提出，广告商很善于应用同伴压力，公共健康倡导者应当向他们学习。

　　He advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.

　　他提倡思想自由和个人表达的自由。

　　35. benefactor 捐助者

　　These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.

　　这些捐助者在他们自己的领域很成功，他们想用自己的财富吸引那些在科学领域取得成功的人。

　　36. entrepreneur 企业家

　　These upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.

　　这些突然崛起的企业家不可能通过金钱使自己的奖项具有诺贝尔奖那样的威望。

　　37. chaos 混乱

　　Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence.

　　贝多芬的音乐总是从混乱过渡到秩序，仿佛秩序是至高无上的人类存在。

　　38. tension 张力

　　The tension between the universal and the particular has been immensely productive in anthropology.

　　在人类学中，普遍性与特殊性之间的张力能够产生大量研究结果。

　　39. obesity 肥胖

　　Of even greater concern is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.

　　很难对肥胖进行定义，这一事实受到的关注更多。

　　40. significance 重要性，意义

　　Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events

　　由于日常生活占据了我们有意识的思想，因此我们并不总是会思考日常事件的情感意义。

　　41. institute 研究机构，（专门型）学院

　　According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.

　　根据加拿大健康信息研究院的统计，自1997年以来，医疗保险总体开销中处方药成本在大幅上升。

　　42. institution 制度，机构，机制

　　He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution.

　　他是那种与众不同者，作为一个独立于任何机构的科学家在工作。

　　There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.

　　存在一种大批量交易，就是机构用户付钱通过网站特许协议来解除大量的在线期刊。

　　The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.

　　研究机构的发现一致地表明，所有国家的劳动者都可以通过工作培训来获得生产率的根本提高，从而大幅提高生活水平。

　　The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the peculiar institution.

　　如果不保护南方各州的制度，他们当时就不会签署宪法。

　　It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive.

　　人们可以说，对任何社会机价值的衡量在于其扩大并提示经验方面的效果，但这一效果并不属于这些机制的最初动机。

　　Malinowski regarded all institutions of a society as intrinsically linked to each other, and stressed that every social or cultural phenomenon ought to be studied in its full context.

　　马林诺夫斯基把所有社会机制看成是相互联系的，并强调应当将所有社会或文化现象放在其完整的社会情境中进行研究。

　　43. intellectual 知识分子，知识的

　　It is intellectuals, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.

　　反对知识的正是知识分子本身，而不是美国。

　　44. manuscript 手稿

　　When I set out to revise and update this book, the original manuscript was five years old.

　　当我在对这本书进行修改和更新时，最初的手稿已经存在五年之久了。

　　45. trait 特征

　　The trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.

　　我们过高评估了关于才干的特征。

　　46. reference参考

　　In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meaning or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had.

　　事实上，你可以尝试对任何给定句子、图像或参考可以具有的意义或效果进行重建。

　　47. inference 推理

　　You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you.

　　你可以进行进一步推理，比如该文本对你具有何种重要性。

　　48. legacy 遗产

　　Morgan's legacy would also be acknowledged by many Marxist anthropologists.

　　摩根的遗产也会得到马克思主义人类学家的认可。

　　49. label 标签

　　Advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.

　　技术的发展使得诸如飒拉、HM以及优衣库这样的大众市场品牌能够对市场趋势快速反应，并更加准确地对需求进行预测。

　　50. vogue 流行

　　I shall then proceed to characterize the system now in vogue in Western civilization.

　　我将继续讲述西方文明中现在流行的体系特征。