SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
　　In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.

　　Observation Behaviour
　　People do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.

　　A. Differences
　　---- daily life observation
　　--casual
　　--(1) ________
　　--defendence on memory
　　---- research observation
　　-- (2) _________
　　-- careful record keeping

　　B. Ways to select samples in research
　　---- time sampling
　　-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour
　　-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______
　　Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.
　　---- (4) _______
　　-- definition: selection of different locations
　　-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances
　　-- (6) ______: more objective observations

　　C. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______
　　---- observation with intervention
　　-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant
　　-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions
　　---- observation without intervention
　　-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______
　　-- (10) ______ : no intervention
　　-- researcher: a passive recorder