英语 专业八级人文知识详解
分类: 英语
时间: 2022-07-18 23:54:55
作者: 全国等级考试资料网
周玉亮：2010年英语专业八级人文知识详解
31. Which of the following is INCORRECT
答案D：The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution
答题技巧：首先注意题干INCORRECT, 根据常识判断英国宪法为不成文宪法；故本题选择D，其他选项更为细节，直接忽略跳过。
常识背景：
不成文宪法是指不具有统一法典形式，而散见于多种法律文书，宪法判例和宪法惯例的宪法。不成文宪法的最显着特征在于，虽然各种法律文件并未冠以宪法之名，却发挥着宪法的作用。英国是典型的不成文宪法国家。
英国是不成文法国家，没有宪法典，但不是没有宪法。英国宪法是不成文的。而犯罪人进监狱并不是依据宪法，而是依据刑法。英国刑法也是不成文的，英国是判例法国家，先前的判例对于定罪量刑作用相当大。英国还有陪审团，定罪方面由12人的陪审团根据具体案件过程来决定，一旦定罪，法官根据先例和经验来量刑。
32. The first city ever founded in Canada is
答案A：Quebec
答题说明：这个题目其实比较偏，笔者本人也是通过google 才知道答案。这里需要说明的是，人文知识完全靠平时点滴积累，考前强化背诵是没有意义的。我们不要指望人文知识考满分，因为出题者每次总会故意出一两道偏题。我们只要追求80%正确就不错了。以80分为目标，而不是100分。另外80分到100分拿到的证书都是一样的专八“优秀”。
关于本题的历史文化背景太复杂，在本文结束后会以附件形式发布出来。
33. When did the Austrlian Federation officially come into being?
答案D：1901
答题说明：本题为英语国家概况基本常识题
34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by
答案A：Abraham Lincoln
答题说明：本题为美国历史常识题，林肯发布解放黑奴宣言
35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?
答案C：Robert Browning
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
文化背景：罗伯特·勃朗宁（Robert Browning)（1812-1889），维多利亚时期代表诗人之一。主要作品有《戏剧抒情诗》、《剧中人物》、《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐名，是维多利亚时代两大诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理探索而独步诗坛，对英美20世纪诗歌产生了重要影响。朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗（Dramaticmonologue）这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。
36. The Financier was written by
答案D：Theodore Dreiser
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
人文背景：西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser，1871～1945），美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特雷霍特镇。父亲是贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以后进印第安纳大学学习。一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作。走遍芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入地观察了解社会，为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材。代表作：《嘉莉妹妹》、《金融家》、《美国悲剧》等
37. In literature a strory in verse or prose with a double meaning is difined as
答案A：Allegory
答题说明：即使你不认识选项A，也可以通过排除法排除B. sonnet, C. blank verse, D. rhyme. 因为BCD涉及的主要是形式或音韵，不涉及内容和意义。
38．… refers to the learning and development of a language
答案A：language acqisition
答题说明：本题为语言学常识题。
背景知识：语言习得最基本的定义，其余选项一看就不符合题干内容。
39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.
答案C：blending
答题说明：本题为语言学分支形态学最基本常识，也是比较活跃的一种构词方式
背景知识：A 逆生法；B 转类法；C拼缀法；D 首字母构词
40．Language is tool of communication, the sybol “highway closed” serves
答案B： informative function
答题说明：语言学基本常识；认识选项单词都不会选错答案
Cultural Note for Question 2
Among North American cities, both St. John’s, Nfld., and St. Augustine, Fla., may have been continuously inhabited for longer than Quebec City. Even among Quebec settlements, Tadoussac, about 200 kilometres down-river from the current provincial capital, is older by nearly a decade. But in the history of Canada as taught to generations of public school children, there is perhaps no municipality whose founding more nearly signifies the birth of our nation than Quebec City.
It was here that New France took hold, here that the fur trade and the missionary conversion of the continent began and exploration of North America commenced in earnest. So as Quebec gets set to mark its quadricentennial today, it is as much a national celebration as a local one.
We even take our words "Canada" and "Quebec" from Samuel de Champlain’s outpost on the St. Lawrence River. Quebec comes from kebec, the aboriginal name for the site of the present day city, "where the river narrows." Meanwhile, Canada is derived from the Huron-Iroquois word kanata or village. (When natives instructed explorer Jacques Cartier about how to reach their "kanata," he incorrectly thought they were using the word to describe the region as a whole.)
In 1759, the British defeated the French on a plateau known as the Plains of Abraham outside Quebec’s fortified walls, a battle that heralded the end of French claims in North America.
During the American Revolution, Quebec City was the target of the largest American incursion into Canada. A force led by Benedict Arnold was turned back in its efforts to "liberate" Quebec from British rule. The Americans mistakenly thought Quebecers would welcome the invaders, and in their gratitude join with America to push the British from the continent entirely.
For nearly 11 years before Confederation, the city was our colonial capital, and an important conference was held in the city by the Fathers of Confederation to determine the makeup of our nation’s first government and Parliament.
Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt laid out the plans for D-Day in two wartime conferences they convened in Quebec City. And through Canada’s turbulent national unity debates from the 1970s to the 1990s, Quebec was a hotbed of separatist sentiment.
It’s remarkable, really, how many key Canadian events and ideas have touched and been touched by this remarkable city.
Yes, the celebrations of the city’s 400th anniversary have been marred by controversy. The opening ceremonies were a bust. The organizing committee is on its fifth president. A giant open-air opera had to be cancelled because few organizers could be found with the technological ability to pull it off, and the one originally selected was married to the producer. The Pope declined an invitation, and the Queen wasn’t invited out of fear her presence might spark separatist demonstrations.
But events in recent months have been a smashing success. And the main celebrations -- which run from today through Sunday -- are expected to be sensational.
It’s still not too late for other Canadians to go and mark this occasion so crucial to our country’s founding. Quebec City’s birthday is our birthday, too.
31. Which of the following is INCORRECT
答案D：The British Constituiton includes one single written constitution
答题技巧：首先注意题干INCORRECT, 根据常识判断英国宪法为不成文宪法；故本题选择D，其他选项更为细节，直接忽略跳过。
常识背景：
不成文宪法是指不具有统一法典形式，而散见于多种法律文书，宪法判例和宪法惯例的宪法。不成文宪法的最显着特征在于，虽然各种法律文件并未冠以宪法之名，却发挥着宪法的作用。英国是典型的不成文宪法国家。
英国是不成文法国家，没有宪法典，但不是没有宪法。英国宪法是不成文的。而犯罪人进监狱并不是依据宪法，而是依据刑法。英国刑法也是不成文的，英国是判例法国家，先前的判例对于定罪量刑作用相当大。英国还有陪审团，定罪方面由12人的陪审团根据具体案件过程来决定，一旦定罪，法官根据先例和经验来量刑。
32. The first city ever founded in Canada is
答案A：Quebec
答题说明：这个题目其实比较偏，笔者本人也是通过google 才知道答案。这里需要说明的是，人文知识完全靠平时点滴积累，考前强化背诵是没有意义的。我们不要指望人文知识考满分，因为出题者每次总会故意出一两道偏题。我们只要追求80%正确就不错了。以80分为目标，而不是100分。另外80分到100分拿到的证书都是一样的专八“优秀”。
关于本题的历史文化背景太复杂，在本文结束后会以附件形式发布出来。
33. When did the Austrlian Federation officially come into being?
答案D：1901
答题说明：本题为英语国家概况基本常识题
34. The Emancipation Proclamation to end the plantation slavery in the south of US was issued by
答案A：Abraham Lincoln
答题说明：本题为美国历史常识题，林肯发布解放黑奴宣言
35．Who was best known for the technique of dramatic monologue in his poems?
答案C：Robert Browning
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
文化背景：罗伯特·勃朗宁（Robert Browning)（1812-1889），维多利亚时期代表诗人之一。主要作品有《戏剧抒情诗》、《剧中人物》、《指环与书》等。与丁尼生齐名，是维多利亚时代两大诗人之一。他以精细入微的心理探索而独步诗坛，对英美20世纪诗歌产生了重要影响。朗宁对英国诗歌的最大贡献，是发展和完善了戏剧独白诗（Dramaticmonologue）这样一种独特的诗歌形式，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内在心理。
36. The Financier was written by
答案D：Theodore Dreiser
答题说明：本题为文学常识题
人文背景：西奥多·德莱塞（Theodore Dreiser，1871～1945），美国小说家。生于印第安纳州特雷霍特镇。父亲是贫苦的德国移民。他在公立学校接受了早期教育，以后进印第安纳大学学习。一生的大部分时间从事新闻工作。走遍芝加哥、匹兹堡、纽约等大城市，广泛深入地观察了解社会，为日后的文学创作积累了丰富的素材。代表作：《嘉莉妹妹》、《金融家》、《美国悲剧》等
37. In literature a strory in verse or prose with a double meaning is difined as
答案A：Allegory
答题说明：即使你不认识选项A，也可以通过排除法排除B. sonnet, C. blank verse, D. rhyme. 因为BCD涉及的主要是形式或音韵，不涉及内容和意义。
38．… refers to the learning and development of a language
答案A：language acqisition
答题说明：本题为语言学常识题。
背景知识：语言习得最基本的定义，其余选项一看就不符合题干内容。
39. The word “motel” comes from “motor – hotel”. This is an example of “…” in morphology.
答案C：blending
答题说明：本题为语言学分支形态学最基本常识，也是比较活跃的一种构词方式
背景知识：A 逆生法；B 转类法；C拼缀法；D 首字母构词
40．Language is tool of communication, the sybol “highway closed” serves
答案B： informative function
答题说明：语言学基本常识；认识选项单词都不会选错答案
Cultural Note for Question 2
Among North American cities, both St. John’s, Nfld., and St. Augustine, Fla., may have been continuously inhabited for longer than Quebec City. Even among Quebec settlements, Tadoussac, about 200 kilometres down-river from the current provincial capital, is older by nearly a decade. But in the history of Canada as taught to generations of public school children, there is perhaps no municipality whose founding more nearly signifies the birth of our nation than Quebec City.
It was here that New France took hold, here that the fur trade and the missionary conversion of the continent began and exploration of North America commenced in earnest. So as Quebec gets set to mark its quadricentennial today, it is as much a national celebration as a local one.
We even take our words "Canada" and "Quebec" from Samuel de Champlain’s outpost on the St. Lawrence River. Quebec comes from kebec, the aboriginal name for the site of the present day city, "where the river narrows." Meanwhile, Canada is derived from the Huron-Iroquois word kanata or village. (When natives instructed explorer Jacques Cartier about how to reach their "kanata," he incorrectly thought they were using the word to describe the region as a whole.)
In 1759, the British defeated the French on a plateau known as the Plains of Abraham outside Quebec’s fortified walls, a battle that heralded the end of French claims in North America.
During the American Revolution, Quebec City was the target of the largest American incursion into Canada. A force led by Benedict Arnold was turned back in its efforts to "liberate" Quebec from British rule. The Americans mistakenly thought Quebecers would welcome the invaders, and in their gratitude join with America to push the British from the continent entirely.
For nearly 11 years before Confederation, the city was our colonial capital, and an important conference was held in the city by the Fathers of Confederation to determine the makeup of our nation’s first government and Parliament.
Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt laid out the plans for D-Day in two wartime conferences they convened in Quebec City. And through Canada’s turbulent national unity debates from the 1970s to the 1990s, Quebec was a hotbed of separatist sentiment.
It’s remarkable, really, how many key Canadian events and ideas have touched and been touched by this remarkable city.
Yes, the celebrations of the city’s 400th anniversary have been marred by controversy. The opening ceremonies were a bust. The organizing committee is on its fifth president. A giant open-air opera had to be cancelled because few organizers could be found with the technological ability to pull it off, and the one originally selected was married to the producer. The Pope declined an invitation, and the Queen wasn’t invited out of fear her presence might spark separatist demonstrations.
But events in recent months have been a smashing success. And the main celebrations -- which run from today through Sunday -- are expected to be sensational.
It’s still not too late for other Canadians to go and mark this occasion so crucial to our country’s founding. Quebec City’s birthday is our birthday, too.