英语 专业八级考试答案及解析（3）
分类: 英语
时间: 2022-11-06 00:42:27
作者: 全国等级考试资料网
Text D
短文大意
本文主要介绍了museum一词随着岁月的变迁，词义发生改变的过程。museum本是希腊词，指任何尊崇缪司的场所和事物。后来随着希腊艺术品流入罗马，museum一词也随之传入拉丁语，但意义上没有发生多大变化。到十五世纪时，欧洲出现“复古”潮流，艺术家们纷纷仿制古代艺术品，museum仍和“缪司的圣地”有着千丝万缕的联系。十七世纪人们仇视古代艺术品，多亏博古家们转移保护，才免遭浩劫。十九世纪早期，人们开始修建博物馆收藏保护古代艺术品，museum一词的现代意义形成。
25. [B]。
【精解】语义理解题。根据下文可知，全文主旨在于介绍museum一词在历史过程中的变化，本句的意思为“museum一词的意义随着岁月的流逝发生了改变”，答案为[B]。
26. [D]。
【精解】细节题。首段第二句“It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses:a hill,a shrine,a garden,a festival or even a textbook.”可以看出museum可以用来指代山脉或事物起源于Greek，[D] 为答案。
27. [C]。
【精解】语义理解题。文中第三段谈到先是王公大臣，然后是商人掀起了古代文物收藏热，古代艺术品供不应求，刺激了赝品制造者提高仿制古代艺术品的技艺水平，达到以假乱真的目的，故[C] 为答案。
28. [B]。
【精解】推断题。由第四段开头提到的“they were not‘collected’either,but‘site?specific’,and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings”可知油画和雕塑并不是独立存在的，而是和建筑物联为一体、不可分割的，故[B] 为答案。
29. [A]。
【精解】细节题。末段指出，十七世纪时欧洲人仇视皇室和教堂的纪念物，幸亏博古家们的转移保护，才使得大量的古代艺术品免遭浩劫。十九世纪早期，欧洲各国更是纷纷兴建博物馆来收藏和保护古代文物，故答案为[A]。
30. [B]。
【精解】主旨题。全文介绍了museum一词意义的变化过程，以及museum一词现代意义的由来，故答案为[B]，其他三项都只是介绍museum一词的意义变化时提到的例子，不能作为全文标题。
【难词突破】
核心词
consecrate v. 献给,使神圣
emulation n.竞赛,竞争
exemplary adj. 可仿效的,可做模范的
antiquarian n. 古文物家，古董商
超纲词
transliteration n. 音译法
We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as (1)to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2)message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3)set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his (4)thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5)speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-yand that which he recognises, increases ill size as he grows old as a result of education and experience. (6)
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7)member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two most (8)common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are (9)among most striking of human achievements. (10)
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。
写作部分：
Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, "We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how different the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about." Do you agree or disagree with him? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:
其他版本答案补充：
PartⅠ. Listening Comprehension (Section A)
1.(the)author(s)/ (the)writer(s)
2.other works/ the other works/ others works/ other/ the other
3.(the)literary trend(s)/ literature trend(s)/ literary tendency/ literature tendency/ common(shared) meaning(s) in (a) particular tradition common meaning literature tradition
4. grammar/ image(s)/diction/ use of image(s)
5. cultural code(s)/ culture code(s)
Literary tradition/ cultural/ culture/ code(s)/ cultural tradition
6. cultural/ culture
7. (the) reader(s)
8. social
9. reader competency/ reader(’s) competence competency/ competence/ competent reader
10. social system(s)/ social structure(s)/ literary traditions/ political influence(s)/ cultural influence(s)/ personal influence(s)
短文大意
本文主要介绍了museum一词随着岁月的变迁，词义发生改变的过程。museum本是希腊词，指任何尊崇缪司的场所和事物。后来随着希腊艺术品流入罗马，museum一词也随之传入拉丁语，但意义上没有发生多大变化。到十五世纪时，欧洲出现“复古”潮流，艺术家们纷纷仿制古代艺术品，museum仍和“缪司的圣地”有着千丝万缕的联系。十七世纪人们仇视古代艺术品，多亏博古家们转移保护，才免遭浩劫。十九世纪早期，人们开始修建博物馆收藏保护古代艺术品，museum一词的现代意义形成。
25. [B]。
【精解】语义理解题。根据下文可知，全文主旨在于介绍museum一词在历史过程中的变化，本句的意思为“museum一词的意义随着岁月的流逝发生了改变”，答案为[B]。
26. [D]。
【精解】细节题。首段第二句“It first meant (in Greek) anything consecrated to the Muses:a hill,a shrine,a garden,a festival or even a textbook.”可以看出museum可以用来指代山脉或事物起源于Greek，[D] 为答案。
27. [C]。
【精解】语义理解题。文中第三段谈到先是王公大臣，然后是商人掀起了古代文物收藏热，古代艺术品供不应求，刺激了赝品制造者提高仿制古代艺术品的技艺水平，达到以假乱真的目的，故[C] 为答案。
28. [B]。
【精解】推断题。由第四段开头提到的“they were not‘collected’either,but‘site?specific’,and were considered an integral part both of the fabric of the buildings”可知油画和雕塑并不是独立存在的，而是和建筑物联为一体、不可分割的，故[B] 为答案。
29. [A]。
【精解】细节题。末段指出，十七世纪时欧洲人仇视皇室和教堂的纪念物，幸亏博古家们的转移保护，才使得大量的古代艺术品免遭浩劫。十九世纪早期，欧洲各国更是纷纷兴建博物馆来收藏和保护古代文物，故答案为[A]。
30. [B]。
【精解】主旨题。全文介绍了museum一词意义的变化过程，以及museum一词现代意义的由来，故答案为[B]，其他三项都只是介绍museum一词的意义变化时提到的例子，不能作为全文标题。
【难词突破】
核心词
consecrate v. 献给,使神圣
emulation n.竞赛,竞争
exemplary adj. 可仿效的,可做模范的
antiquarian n. 古文物家，古董商
超纲词
transliteration n. 音译法
We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as (1)to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2)message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3)set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his (4)thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5)speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-yand that which he recognises, increases ill size as he grows old as a result of education and experience. (6)
But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the system remains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unless he has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7)member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system a concrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice’ two most (8)common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are (9)among most striking of human achievements. (10)
Translate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.
中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小；因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小得多。况中国古代素来以不滞于物，不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。并非我们没有守财奴，但比起莫里哀与巴尔扎克笔下的守财奴与野心家来，就小巫见大巫了。中国民族多数是性情中正和平、淡泊、朴实，比西方人容易满足。
写作部分：
Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, "We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. But no matter how different the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about." Do you agree or disagree with him? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled:
其他版本答案补充：
PartⅠ. Listening Comprehension (Section A)
1.(the)author(s)/ (the)writer(s)
2.other works/ the other works/ others works/ other/ the other
3.(the)literary trend(s)/ literature trend(s)/ literary tendency/ literature tendency/ common(shared) meaning(s) in (a) particular tradition common meaning literature tradition
4. grammar/ image(s)/diction/ use of image(s)
5. cultural code(s)/ culture code(s)
Literary tradition/ cultural/ culture/ code(s)/ cultural tradition
6. cultural/ culture
7. (the) reader(s)
8. social
9. reader competency/ reader(’s) competence competency/ competence/ competent reader
10. social system(s)/ social structure(s)/ literary traditions/ political influence(s)/ cultural influence(s)/ personal influence(s)