2018下半年公共英语一级指导：词和时态
动词和时态
终止性动词 → 延续性动词：
borrow → keep buy / get → ha
die → be dead open → be open close → be closed
begin / start (开演) → be on finish / end / complete → be over
leave / start (出发) → be away go to school → be at school
join the army → be in the army join the Party → be in the Party
fall asleep / get to sleep → be asleep
receive / get a letter from // hear from → have a letter from
持续性动词后面可以加for+时间段
现在完成时
1形式：have+过去分词; has+过去分词
Eg. I have finished my homework. 我已经写完了我的家庭作业
He has returned from school. 他已经从学校回来
2.用法
1.表示截止到现在已经完成的动作
eg By now, I have collected all the data that I need.
2.表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
eg She has been to the United States.
3.表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
eg I have learned English for 8 years.
过去完成时：
had+ 过去分词
1.发生在“过去的过去”
eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
2.与一个表示过去的时间状语连用
eg Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
3.在过去某时之前开始一直延续到这一时间
eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
过去将来时
1.宾语从句或间接引语中
eg He didn’t expect that we would all be there.
2.表示过去习惯性的动作
eg During that period, he would do this every day.
3.表示过去的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句
eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing.
一般过去式
标志性词：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two years ago, last month
the other day 不久前一 天 in 19999 (在过去的年月)
现在进行时
标志性词：now, look! Listen!
Look, they are playing basketball.
Listen, she is singing.
重要的动词
Keep的用法
1.keep +形容词
2.keep+sth/sb +形容词
3.keep +doing 一直做某事
4.keep ... from doing ... 阻止做某事。。。
5.keep a pet 饲养一个宠物
6.How long may I keep this book ? keep指借。
Stop 的用法
1. stop … from + v.-ing “阻止”、“阻拦”“阻止……做某事”。
2. stop to do“停下来做某事”，强调停下来去做另外一件事。
3. stop doing“停止做某事”，强调停止正在做的事情。
Forget 和remember的用法
1，forget to do，忘记还没做的事情
2，forget doing忘记已经做过的事
1，remember to do，忘记还没做的事情
2，remember doing忘记已经做过的事
Buy 的用法
1. 用作动词，表示“买”，可带双宾语;若双宾易位，通常要用介词 for。如：
我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。
正：My uncle bought me an English dictionary.
正：My uncle bought an English dictionary for me.
2. 表示向某人买某物，通常用介词 from。如：
He bought this watch from a friend. 他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。
3. 表示用多少钱买某物，通常用介词 for。如：
I bought the computer for $600. 我花600美元买了这台电脑。
He bought it for very little money. 他买它只花了一点点钱。
【注】有时也用介词 at, 侧重指价格。如(from www.yywords.com)：
He bought them for [at] 10p each. 他以每个10 便士的价格买下了它们。
4. 是终止性动词，因此在肯定句中不宜与一段时间连用。如：
这房子我已买了十年。
正：I bought this house ten years ago.
Borrow: 借入 borrow sth. from sb.
Lend : 借出 lend sth. to sb.